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The Journal of General Physiology, Vol 103, 321-362, Copyright © 1994 by The Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLES

Shaker potassium channel gating. III: Evaluation of kinetic models for activation

WN Zagotta, T Hoshi and RW Aldrich
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305.

Predictions of different classes of gating models involving identical conformational changes in each of four subunits were compared to the gating behavior of Shaker potassium channels without N-type inactivation. Each model was tested to see if it could simulate the voltage dependence of the steady state open probability, and the kinetics of the single-channel currents, macroscopic ionic currents and macroscopic gating currents using a single set of parameters. Activation schemes based upon four identical single-step activation processes were found to be incompatible with the experimental results, as were those involving a concerted, opening transition. A model where the opening of the channel requires two conformational changes in each of the four subunits can adequately account for the steady state and kinetic behavior of the channel. In this model, the gating in each subunit is independent except for a stabilization of the open state when all four subunits are activated, and an unstable closed conformation that the channel enters after opening. A small amount of negative cooperativity between the subunits must be added to account quantitatively for the dependence of the activation time course on holding voltage.
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Opening Mechanism of a Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Channel Based on Analysis of Single Channels Locked in Each Liganded State
J. Gen. Physiol., June 1, 1999; 113(6): 873 - 895.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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S. Duan and I. M. Cooke
Selective Inhibition of Transient K+ Current by La3+ in Crab Peptide-Secretory Neurons
J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 1848 - 1855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J.P. Johnson Jr., F. M. Mullins, and P. B. Bennett
Human Ether-a-go-go-related Gene K+ Channel Gating Probed with Extracellular Ca2+: Evidence for Two Distinct Voltage Sensors
J. Gen. Physiol., April 1, 1999; 113(4): 565 - 580.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. M. Armstrong and G. Cota
Calcium block of Na+ channels and its effect on closing rate
PNAS, March 30, 1999; 96(7): 4154 - 4157.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. L. Ledwell and R. W. Aldrich
Mutations in the S4 Region Isolate the Final Voltage-dependent Cooperative Step in Potassium Channel Activation
J. Gen. Physiol., March 1, 1999; 113(3): 389 - 414.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. B. Patlak
Cooperating to Unlock the Voltage-dependent K Channel
J. Gen. Physiol., March 1, 1999; 113(3): 385 - 388.
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H. Bao, A. Hakeem, M. Henteleff, J. G. Starkus, and M. D. Rayner
Voltage-insensitive Gating after Charge-neutralizing Mutations in the S4 Segment of Shaker Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., January 1, 1999; 113(1): 139 - 151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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P. C. Zei and R. W. Aldrich
Voltage-dependent Gating of Single Wild-Type and S4 Mutant KAT1 Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., December 1, 1998; 112(6): 679 - 713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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J. Zheng and F. J. Sigworth
Intermediate Conductances during Deactivation of Heteromultimeric Shaker Potassium Channels
J. Gen. Physiol., October 1, 1998; 112(4): 457 - 474.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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V. Avdonin, J. Kasuya, M. A. Ciorba, B. Kaplan, T. Hoshi, and L. Iverson
Apoptotic proteins Reaper and Grim induce stable inactivation in voltage-gated K+ channels
PNAS, September 29, 1998; 95(20): 11703 - 11708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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B. M. Rodriguez, D. Sigg, and F. Bezanilla
Voltage Gating of Shaker K+ Channels: The Effect of Temperature on Ionic and Gating Currents
J. Gen. Physiol., August 1, 1998; 112(2): 223 - 242.
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M. J. Roux, R. Olcese, L. Toro, F. Bezanilla, and E. Stefani
Fast Inactivation in Shaker K+ Channels: Properties of Ionic and Gating Currents
J. Gen. Physiol., May 1, 1998; 111(5): 625 - 638.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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F. S.P. Chen and D. Fedida
On the Mechanism by which 4-Aminopyridine Occludes Quinidine Block of the Cardiac K+ Channel, hKv1.5
J. Gen. Physiol., April 1, 1998; 111(4): 539 - 554.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. J. Smith-Maxwell, J. L. Ledwell, and R. W. Aldrich
Role of the S4 in Cooperativity of Voltage-dependent Potassium Channel Activation
J. Gen. Physiol., March 1, 1998; 111(3): 399 - 420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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C. J. Smith-Maxwell, J. L. Ledwell, and R. W. Aldrich
Uncharged S4 Residues and Cooperativity in Voltage-dependent Potassium Channel Activation
J. Gen. Physiol., March 1, 1998; 111(3): 421 - 439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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N. Mitrovic, A. L. George Jr., and R. Horn
Independent Versus Coupled Inactivation in Sodium Channels: Role of the Domain 2 S4 Segment
J. Gen. Physiol., March 1, 1998; 111(3): 451 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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