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A perforated-patch whole-cell recording method was used to determine whether nitric oxide signaling participates in acetylcholine (ACh)-induced regulation of basal L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) in cat atrial myocytes. Exposure to 1 µM ACh for 2 min inhibited basal ICa,L (–21 ± 3%), and withdrawal of ACh elicited rebound stimulation of ICa,L above control (80 ± 13%) (n = 23). Stimulation of ICa,L elicited by withdrawal of ACh (but not ACh-induced inhibition of ICa,L) was blocked by either 50 µM hemoglobin; 30 µM ODQ or 10 µM methylene blue, inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase; 10 µM W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor; or 10 µM L-NIO, an inhibitor of constitutive NO synthase (NOS). In cells incubated in 5 mM l-arginine, ACh-induced rebound stimulation of ICa,L was enhanced compared with control responses. Histochemical assay (NADPH diaphorase) indicated that atrial myocytes express constitutive NOS. NO-donor, spermine/NO (SP/NO), >1 µM stimulated basal ICa,L. SP/NO-induced stimulation of ICa,L was inhibited by 50 µM hemoglobin, 30 µM ODQ, or 5 µM H-89, an inhibitor of PKA, and was unchanged by 50 µM MnTBAP, a peroxynitrite scavenger. When ICa,L was prestimulated by 10 µM milrinone, an inhibitor of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (type III) activity, SP/NO failed to further increase ICa,L. In cells incubated in pertussis toxin (3.4 µg/ml for 6 h; 36°C), ACh failed to affect ICa,L, but 100 µM SP/NO or 10 µM milrinone still increased basal ICa,L. These results indicate that in cat atrial myocytes NO signaling mediates stimulation of ICa,L elicited by withdrawal of ACh but not ACh-induced inhibition of basal ICa,L. NO activates cGMP-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterase (type III) activity. Upon withdrawal of ACh, this mechanism allows cAMP to recover to levels above control, thereby stimulating ICa,L. Pertussis toxin–sensitive G-proteins couple M2 muscarinic receptors to NO signaling. NO-mediated stimulation of ICa,L elicited by withdrawal of ACh may be an important mechanism that rapidly restores cardiac pacemaker and contractile functions after cholinergic suppression of atrial activity.
Key Words: electrophysiology cyclic AMP cyclic GMP calmodulin phosphodiesterase
Ms. Rechenmacher died on 17 August 1997.
Address correspondence to Stephen L. Lipsius, Ph.D., Department of Physiology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153. Fax: 708-216-6308; E-mail: slipsiu{at}wpo.it.luc.edu
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