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From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8026

Resting sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca content ([Ca_SR]_R) was varied in cut fibers equilibrated with an internal solution that contained 20 mM EGTA and 0–1.76 mM Ca. SR Ca release and [Ca_SR]_R were measured with the EGTA–phenol red method (Pape et al. 1995. J. Gen. Physiol. 106:259–336). After an action potential, the fractional amount of Ca released from the SR increased from 0.17 to 0.50 when [Ca_SR]_R was reduced from 1,200 to 140 µM. This increase was associated with a prolongation of release (final time constant, from 1–2 to 10–15 ms) and of the action potential (by 1–2 ms). Similar changes in release were observed with brief stimulations to –20 mV in voltage-clamped fibers, in which charge movement (Q_cm) could be measured. The peak values of Q_cm and the fractional rate of SR Ca release, as well as their ON time courses, were little affected by reducing [Ca_SR]_R from 1,200 to 140 µM. After repolarization, however, the OFF time courses of Q_cm and the rate of SR Ca release were slowed by factors of 1.5–1.7 and 6.5, respectively. These and other results suggest that, after action potential stimulation of fibers in normal physiological condition, the increase in myoplasmic free [Ca] that accompanies SR Ca release exerts three negative feedback effects that tend to reduce additional release: (a) the action potential is shortened by current through Ca-activated potassium channels in the surface and/or tubular membranes; (b) the OFF kinetics of Q_cm is accelerated; and (c) Ca inactivation of Ca release is increased. Some of these effects of Ca on an SR Ca channel or its voltage sensor appear to be regulated by the value of [Ca] within 22 nm of the mouth of the channel.

Key Words: calcium-activated potassium channel • charge movement • excitation–contraction coupling

Abbreviations: EGTA, ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid; MOPS, 3-[N-Morpholino]-propanesulfonic acid; pH_R, resting value of myoplasmic pH; SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum; [Ca]_R, resting concentration of myoplasmic free Ca; [Ca_SR], readily releasable SR Ca content, expressed in terms of myoplasmic concentration; [Ca_SR]_R, resting value of [Ca_SR]; [Ca_T], the amount of Ca released from the SR; f₁, the fractional amount of [Ca_SR]_R released from the SR by a single action potential; Q_cm, intramembranous charge movement; I_cm, current from intramembranous charge movement

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