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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1295/1999//85/ $5.00
Journal of General Physiology, Volume 114, Number 1, 1999

Original Article

Responses of Xenopus laevis Water Nose to Water-Soluble and Volatile Odorants

Akio Iidaa and Makoto Kashiwayanagia

a From the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.Fax: +81-11-706-4991;

yanagi{at}hucc.hokudai.ac.jp

Using the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique, we recorded action potentials, voltage-activated cationic currents, and inward currents in response to water-soluble and volatile odorants from receptor neurons in the lateral diverticulum (water nose) of the olfactory sensory epithelium of Xenopus laevis. The resting membrane potential was –46.5 ± 1.2 mV Formula, and a current injection of 1–3 pA induced overshooting action potentials. Under voltage-clamp conditions, a voltage-dependent Na+ inward current, a sustained outward K+ current, and a Ca2+-activated K+ current were identified. Application of an amino acid cocktail induced inward currents in 32 of 238 olfactory neurons in the lateral diverticulum under voltage-clamp conditions. Application of volatile odorant cocktails also induced current responses in 23 of 238 olfactory neurons. These results suggest that the olfactory neurons respond to both water-soluble and volatile odorants. The application of alanine or arginine induced inward currents in a dose-dependent manner. More than 50% of the single olfactory neurons responded to multiple types of amino acids, including acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids applied at 100 µM or 1 mM. These results suggest that olfactory neurons in the lateral diverticulum have receptors for amino acids and volatile odorants.

Key Words: olfactory receptor neuron • odor response • voltage-clamp • action potential • amino acid

© 1999 The Rockefeller University Press


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