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Original Article

^a Neurobiology Department, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
^b Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.650-725-4463

raldrich{at}leland.stanford.edu

Middendorf et al. (Middendorf, T.R., R.W. Aldrich, and D.A. Baylor. 2000. J. Gen. Physiol. 116:227–252) showed that ultraviolet light decreases the current through cloned cyclic nucleotide–gated channels from bovine retina activated by high concentrations of cGMP. Here we probe the mechanism of the current reduction. The channels' open probability before irradiation, P_o(0), determined the sign of the change in current amplitude that occurred upon irradiation. UV always decreased the current through channels with high initial open probabilities [P_o(0) > 0.3]. Manipulations that promoted channel opening antagonized the current reduction by UV. In contrast, UV always increased the current through channels with low initial open probabilities [P_o(0) 0.02], and the magnitude of the current increase varied inversely with P_o(0). The dual effects of UV on channel currents and the correlation of both effects with P_o(0) suggest that the channels contain two distinct classes of UV target residues whose photochemical modification exerts opposing effects on channel gating. We present a simple model based on this idea that accounts quantitatively for the UV effects on the currents and provides estimates for the photochemical quantum yields and free energy costs of modifying the UV targets. Simulations indicate that UV modification may be used to produce and quantify large changes in channel gating energetics in regimes where the associated changes in open probability are not measurable by existing techniques.

Key Words: cyclic guanine monophosphate • electrophysiology • ligand-gated channel • ion channel gating • ultraviolet light

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