COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION

¹ From the Institute for Muscle Disease, Inc., New York

Myosin was isolated from 14 different muscles (mammals, lower vertebrates, and invertebrates) of known maximal speed of shortening. These myosin preparations were homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge or, in a few cases, showed, in addition to the main myosin peak, part of the myosin in aggregated form. Actin- and Ca⁺⁺-activated ATPase activities of the myosins were generally proportional to the speed of shortening of their respective muscles; i.e. the greater the intrinsic speed, the higher the ATPase activity. This relation was found when the speed of shortening ranged from 0.1 to 24 muscle lengths/sec. The temperature coefficient of the Ca⁺⁺-activated myosin ATPase was the same as that of the speed of shortening, Q₁₀ about 2. Higher Q₁₀ values were found for the actin-activated myosin ATPase, especially below 10°C. By using myofibrils instead of reconstituted actomyosin, Q₁₀ values close to 2 could be obtained for the Mg⁺⁺-activated myofibrillar ATPase at ionic strength of 0.014. In another series of experiments, myosin was isolated from 11 different muscles of known isometric twitch contraction time. The ATPase activity of these myosins was inversely proportional to the contraction time of the muscles. These results suggest a role for the ATPase activity of myosin in determining the speed of muscle contraction. In contrast to the ATPase activity of myosin, which varied according to the speed of contraction, the F-actin-binding ability of myosin from various muscles was rather constant.

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				L. V. Thompson, S. A. Johnson, and J. A. Shoeman Single soleus muscle fiber function after hindlimb unweighting in adult and aged rats J Appl Physiol, June 1, 1998; 84(6): 1937 - 1942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Sartorius, B. D. Lu, L. Acakpo-Satchivi, R. P. Jacobsen, W. C. Byrnes, and L. A. Leinwand Myosin Heavy Chains IIa and IId Are Functionally Distinct in the Mouse J. Cell Biol., May 18, 1998; 141(4): 943 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Ohizumi, K. Matsunaga, K. Nakatani, and J.'i. Kobayashi Potent Stimulation of Myofilament Force and ATPase Activity of Skeletal Muscle by Eudistomin M, a Novel Ca++-Sensitizing Agent from a Caribbean Tunicate J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 1998; 285(2): 695 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J.-J. Mercadier, K. Schwartz, S. Schiaffino, C. Wisnewsky, S. Ausoni, M. Heimburger, R. Marrash, R. Pariente, and M. Aubier Myosin heavy chain gene expression changes in the diaphragm of patients with chronic lung hyperinflation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): L527 - L534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. L. Sweeney, S. S. Rosenfeld, F. Brown, L. Faust, J. Smith, J. Xing, L. A. Stein, and J. R. Sellers Kinetic Tuning of Myosin via a Flexible Loop Adjacent to the Nucleotide Binding Pocket J. Biol. Chem., March 13, 1998; 273(11): 6262 - 6270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. V. Thompson and J. A. Shoeman Contractile function of single muscle fibers after hindlimb unweighting in aged rats J Appl Physiol, January 1, 1998; 84(1): 229 - 235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Fredberg, D Inouye, B Miller, M Nathan, S Jafari, S. Raboudi, J. Butler, and S. Shore Airway smooth muscle, tidal stretches, and dynamically determined contractile states Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 1, 1997; 156(6): 1752 - 1759. [Abstract] [Full Text]

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